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  • Les cartographies des espaces bâtis sur la région Occitanie résultent d'une extraction automatique par méthode d'apprentissage profond (deep learning) à partir d'imagerie très haute résolution spatiale (1.5m) SPOT 6/7, pour les années 2015 à 2019. Fichiers fournis sous forme vectorielle. (2021-09-09)

  • Les taches artificialisées sont calculées sur la base d'une extraction du bâti à partir d'imagerie très haute résolution spatiale (1.5m) SPOT 6/7, pour les années 2015 à 2019. Deux distances de connexion sont proposées, à 50m et 100m.

  • Les données de nodata par année (entre 2015 et 2019) correspondent aux zones de nuages et de leurs ombres portées sur les images satellites SPOT 6/7 utilisées pour la classification d'occupation du sol, donnée source pour les analyses géographiques qui ont suivi (extraction des espaces bâtis, des taches urbaines, indicateurs spatialisés)

  • Le projet ArtiSols s’inscrit dans une démarche d’évaluation et de qualification du processus d’artificialisation des sols en région Occitanie. L’accentuation de ce phénomène face à l’accroissement des enjeux liés au logement, à l’alimentation des populations, à la consommation énergétique et des ressources naturelles pose la question des impacts sur les sols, essentiels à la régulation des écosystèmes mais également à la production agricole. C’est pourquoi la caractérisation de l’artificialisation constitue un point de départ dans la maîtrise de politiques d’aménagement adaptées aux enjeux des territoires. Ce projet régional s’articule de façon complémentaire avec le projet national piloté par le Ministère de la Transition Écologique et Solidaire (DGALN) dans le cadre du Plan Biodiversité (Action 7, visant la mise en place d’un observatoire national sur l’artificialisation des sols).

  • ObjectivesThe hyperspectral images (HI) is at the moment still too poorly considered; nevertheless its specificities make a weighty auxiliary for the monitoring of the elements of the urban area. The HYEP project has for objective to propose a panel of methods and processes designed for hyperspectral imaging. We take into account other existing sensors in order to compare the performances. If the IH is complementary to the sensors HRS and VHRS due to its better radiometric richness, it allows to identify and to characterize the natural or anthropogenic elements in a complementary perspective. To this end methods for the extraction of information had to be adapted, created even. The methodological part of the project articulated at the same time in the solidification of the current approaches and the design of new methods. Results have been presented along the project duration to scientific community and local authorities. One of the milestones of the works was the comparison of the results to various spatial resolutions to specify the contribution of such a hyperspectral sensor with regard to those existing or to come. Data and data processing Methods: existing or adapted The methods were chosen among all the existing methods by adapting them to the signal, among spectral ranges and to the characteristics of urban areas. Since data arose from airborne platforms, the first developments were realized to counter the effects of the atmosphere on the IH (atmospheric correction - 3 tested methods) and a database of spectral signature for diverse elements of land use in town (roofs, roads, the vegetation etc.) was established. It allowed encircling better the spectral values of materials. It was set up based simultaneously on the literature, in situ and laboratory measurements. Its contributions in various classification processing were tested. Methods for information, extraction, pansharpening or classification purposes were used for various spatial and spectral resolutions to highlight its interest towards other sensors and also its benefits for a spatial mission. Classification and unmixing methods have been adapted and spatial pattern indicators for urban areas defined.Outcomes- 3 atmospheric correction methods have been tested; it leads to a specific code development by ONERA.- Methods adaptation : pansharpening and unmixing- Transfer: a complete design of the study has been transfered to Kaunas (Lituania) teams- Algorithms: Depository on http://openremotesensing.net/- One of the major results is the extraction and the identification of photovoltaic panel- CNRS Summer school 2017Scientific productionThe team has presented at ISPRS Geospatial Week 2015, GeoHyper (2015), Jurse 2017, IGARSS 2016-2017, SFPT or workshops TEMU, AFIGEO and to GdR Session (MaDics and ISIS) or within the framework of the Hypxim mission. The team organized special conference sessions at the national level, SFPT hyperspectral (2016) and international level IGARSS 2018 and WHISPERS 2018. A thematic CNRS summer school (2017 August 28 - September 1st - 25 participants) has been set up.The project gave rise to 10 publications Rang A and 38 communications, 4 chapters and a special issue for the RemoteSensing journal.

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    Geodetic markers were installed along the main course of the Sélune. Physically marked out in the field, these markers have been located with a high-precision GPS (planimetric and z-precisions are given in the table). Please note that these markers may move slightly with the wetting/drying cycles of mainly clay soils, and their coordinates may be updated if necessary. Geodetic markers can be used as reference points to define a device or a new study area.

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    Meteorological observations from weather stations interpolated on a 25x25 km grid, on a daily basis from 1979 to the last calendar year completed, for France. Meteorological observations are freely accessible via OGC SensorThings Standard service : https://frost.geosas.fr/agri4cast/v1.0/ Observed properties : - maximum air temperature (°C), - minimum air temperature (°C), - mean air temperature (°C), - mean daily wind speed at 10m (m/s), - vapour pressure (hPa), - sum of precipitation (mm/day), - potential evapotranspiration from a crop canopy (mm/day), - total global radiation (KJ/m2/day), More informations on Agri4cast Resources Portal : https://agri4cast.jrc.ec.europa.eu/DataPortal/Index.aspx

  • The evolution of infrastructure networks such as roads and streets are of utmost importance to understand the evolution of urban systems. However, datasets describing these spatial objects are rare and sparse. The database presented here represents the road network at the french national level described in the historical map of Cassini in the 18th century. The digitalization of this historical map is based on a collaborative platform methodology that we describe in detail. These data can be used for a variety of interdisciplinary studies, covering multiple spatial resolutions and ranging from history, geography, urban economics to the science of network. (2015-01-15)

  • Le territoire régional est composé de taches urbaines de différentes tailles et formes, distribuées de manière variée. Les espaces urbains sont reliés les uns aux autres par le réseau routier, en particulier le réseau composé des routes primaires et secondaires. Cet espace urbain et routier ainsi composé est fortement artificialisé avec une forte composante d’imperméabilisation qui perdure au fil du temps. La dynamique spatiale et temporelle de cet espace peut être évaluée par les surfaces qui deviennent artificialisées, par la consommation des surfaces interstitielles, généralement agricoles ou naturelles. Ces surfaces à faible imperméabilisation, moins artificialisées, sont ainsi des îlots séparés les uns des autres par la trame urbaine et routière. Ces ilots sont de tailles variées et composent une structure fragmentée.Cet indice prend la forme d'une taille effective de maille, à savoir une grandeur qui exprime « la probabilité que deux points choisis au hasard dans un territoire [...] ne soient pas séparés par des obstacles tels que les voies de communication ou des zones bâties » (J. Jaeger, 2007).